In Austria - as well as in some other European countries - the “Habilitation” is the country’s highest-ranking university examination in which applicants undergo an academic evaluation of their special qualifications to independently conduct scientific/academic research and teach the entire range of their subject area [facultas docendi]. As a pre-requisite for the academic examination procedure and to earn the [venia legendi] teaching authorization and qualification in a specified subject area, the “Habilitation” candidate is required to initiate and develop outstanding academic/scientific and didactic qualifications.