Research on openness is concerned with opening up processes to more diverse stakeholder groups (e.g. open strategy, self-managed or open forms of organizing, open innovation, open foresight). The literature shows that this phenomenon is captured by two key dimensions: The dimension of inclusion which focuses on different forms of integration of internal or/and external actors. The aim is to collect a variety of viewpoints and to generate innovative ideas that these actors are committed to. The dimension of transparency refers to the internal and external visibility of information - e.g. about an organization's strategy. At the ISM, we are especially fascinated by how companies manage to open up their processes, how roles and routines change and which dynamics, challenges and effects emerge when opening up a previously closed process.

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